![]() ![]() These signs and symptoms include reduced gait velocity ( 8), postural misalignment ( 9, 10), increased body sway ( 11, 12), pain ( 13), and rigid body movements ( 14), in addition to anxiety and depression ( 15– 19), avoidance behavior ( 20), and reduced quality of life (QoL) ( 21). When dizziness persists, it is important to also assess symptoms beyond those defined as vestibular ( 7). The symptoms usually subside within a couple of weeks however, ~30% of patients develop persistent symptoms ( 5, 6). It is a common feature in acute vestibular diseases where an abrupt start of symptoms, such as dizziness, nauseousness, reduced balance, and visual problems occurs ( 4). The DHI seems to be a valuable tool in relation to several self-reported outcomes however, several signs and symptoms may not be detected by the DHI, and thus, a combination of outcomes should be utilized when examining patients with persistent dizziness.ĭizziness is a common complaint ( 1, 2) with 16% reporting dizziness or balance problem in a recent Norwegian survey ( 3). After adjusting for age and sex, significant associations were found between total DHI and avoidance behavior, psychological distress, dizziness severity, and quality of life, but not with any of the physical tests, explaining almost 56% of the variance of the DHI total score.Ĭonclusion: There was a trend toward worse scores on physical tests and self-reported measurements with increasing DHI severity level. Results: With increasing severity levels of DHI, the participants demonstrated worse performance on most of the physical tests (preferred and fast gait velocity, dizziness intensity after head movements), presented with worse scores on the self-reported measures (avoidance behavior, fear of bodily sensation, fear of fear itself, psychological distress, fatigue, dizziness severity, quality of life). Based on these results, significant associations were tested in a final regression model. A multiple linear backward regression analysis was conducted for each group of measures in relation to the DHI total score, with additional analyses adjusting for age and sex. Data were presented by descriptive statistics for three DHI severity levels (mild, moderate, and severe). The participants underwent (1) physical tests (gait tests, grip strength, body flexibility, and movement-induced dizziness) and completed questionnaires regarding (2) psychological measures (Mobility Inventory of Agoraphobia, Body Sensation Questionnaire, Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire, and Hospital Depression and Anxiety Questionnaire), and (3) fatigue, dizziness severity, and quality of life (Chalders Fatigue Scale, Vertigo Symptom Scale-Short Form, and EQ visual analog scale), in addition to the DHI. Method: Participants with persistent dizziness ( n = 107) were included in this cross-sectional study. Objective: The purpose of the study was to describe the variations in signs and symptoms in people with persistent dizziness using physical tests and self-reported outcomes across three severity levels of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and investigate their associations with the DHI. However, research regarding associations between dizziness-related handicap and aspects of functioning that includes both physical tests and self-reported measures is scarce. ![]() 9Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmarkīackground: Associations between dizziness-related handicap and a variety of self-reported measures have been reported. ![]() 8Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics and Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.7Solli District Psychiatric Centre, Bergen, Norway.6Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.5Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.4Research Unit for General Practice in Bergen, The Norwegian Research Center, Bergen, Norway.3Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.2Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Vestibular Disorders, Department of Otorhinolaryngol and Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.1Department of Health and Function, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.Nordahl 2,5 Anders Hovland 6,7 Richard Clendaniel 8 Eleanor Boyle 9 Birgit Juul-Kristensen 9 Wilhelmsen 1 Silje Maeland 3,4 Stein Helge G.
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